Culture Based Learning
The nature of education according to Langeveld in Munib (2007: 26), is a guidance given by adults to children who are not yet mature to achieve the goal, namely maturity. In line with the notion of education, education is formed giving guidance from one person to another that makes a person from not knowing to understanding. The guidance can be in the form of guidance which is to develop one's maturity which includes aspects of attitude, knowledge, and skills.
Culture-based education (culture based education) is a mechanism that provides opportunities for everyone to enrich science and technology through lifelong learning.
The emergence of a culture-based education paradigm is triggered by two big currents. First, departing from the assumption of modernism that has reached its culmination so it tends to make humans to return to things that are natural (Culture shock lessons from Ayo Makuns). Second, modernization itself requires the creation of democracy in all dimensions of human life. Departing from this, inevitably education must be managed more optimally by providing the widest possible space for community participation with the value of cultural values (local policies) as part of the educational content objectives.
As an implication, education becomes a collaborative effort that involves the participation and wisdom of the cultural value system in it. Participation in this context is in the form of collaboration between citizens and the government in planning, implementing, maintaining and developing educational activities. As a collaboration, the community and its culture are assumed to have aspirations that must be accommodated in the process of planning and implementing an educational program based on the roots of its own cultural value system.
Rapid changes in society as a result of the progress of science and technology, requires educational institutions to be able to compensate for the acceleration of changes in society. Likewise, educational institutions in elementary schools, in an effort to equip students to be able to socialize properly, need to update their learning materials in accordance with developments in society.
Atlanta as a country with considerable potential in the development of education must of course be able to adjust to current conditions.
The inevitability of more educational formats has become our shared obligation in the effort to realize them. Doing an effort to liberate education which has been colored by values that hegemony the creativity of students' thinking, has required us to try to change while trying to provide new concepts about actual education. Provide full opportunities for students in order to develop abilities in accordance with their talents. This will have positive implications for their natural growth and development.
Culture-based learning is a strategy for creating learning environments and designing learning experiences that integrate culture as part of the learning process (Sutarno, 2012). Culture-based learning is based on the recognition of culture as a fundamental part of education, expression and communication of ideas, and the development of knowledge.
Sutarno (2012) further explained that culture-based learning is very beneficial for the meaning of the learning process and outcomes for students to gain contextual learning experiences and apperception material to understand the concepts of science in local (ethnic) culture.
In addition, the model of integrating culture in learning can enrich the local (ethnic) culture which in turn can also develop and strengthen the national culture which is the culmination of a local culture and a developing ethnic culture. In culture-based learning, it is integrated as a tool for the learning process to motivate students to apply knowledge, work cooperatively, and perceive relationships between various subjects.
In culture-based learning, culture becomes a method for students to transform the results of their observations into creative forms and principles about nature.
Thus, through culture-based learning, students are not just imitating and / or just accepting the information conveyed, but students create meaning, understanding, and meaning from the information obtained. Knowledge, not just a narrative summary of the knowledge that others have, but a collection (repertoire) that someone has about thoughts, behaviors, relationships, predictions and feelings, the results of the transformation of the various information received.
Culture-based learning is one of the ways that is perceived as being (1) making meaningful and contextual learning very closely related to the cultural community, where a field of science is studied and will be applied later, and with the cultural community where we come from. (2) making learning interesting and fun. Learning conditions that allow contextual creation of meaning based on initial experience as a member of a cultural society.
This is in line with the thought of the constructivism flow.
The learning process can occur anywhere throughout life. School is one of the places where the learning process takes place. School is a place of culture because basically the learning process is a process of civilization. In this case, the process of culture in schools is for the academic achievement of students, to cultivate attitudes, knowledge, skills and traditions that exist in a cultural community, and to develop culture in a community through academic achievement of students.
Culture is a pattern for human behavior and the products it produces carry thought patterns, oral patterns, patterns of action, artifacts, and are highly dependent on one's ability to learn and convey knowledge to the next generation. The process of cultural learning takes place in the form of inheritance of cultural traditions from one generation to the next. Inheritance of cultural traditions is known as the process of enculturation, while cultural adoption is known as the process of acculturation. Both of these processes lead to the formation of culture in a community. Education is a civilizing process, the learning process in schools is a formal civilizing process or acculturation process; then at the same time education is a tool for cultural conservation, cultural transmission, and cultural adoption, and cultural preservation.